Since primitive societies were formed a long time ago, the human being had the need to measure; the first quantities used were length and mass. For the first, the size of the fingers and the length of the foot, among others, were established as a unit of comparison. For the dough, the quantities were compared using stones, grains, shells, etc.
This type of measurement was comfortable because each person carried their own measurement pattern. However, it had the disadvantage that the measurements varied from one individual to another. That is why the 10th grade students conducted a measurement laboratory where this work came out.
This report reflects the characteristics of what was learned in the first laboratory carried out, showing my knowledge and applying it with my colleagues; this laboratory was concerned with the measurement that covers weight, density and volume. This report shows the definition and what are the laboratory instruments used for developing the activity.
Determine Thickness and Diameter of Copper Wire
- Wire diameter: 1.5
- Affirmations:
20 1.5
100 x: 7.5 A: If there were 100 laps it would be more exact.
20 1.5
5 x: 0.375 A: If they were 5 it would be less exact.
There is not much need for it to be round or hexagonal because it depends on the formulas, whether they are for area or volume.
- Pen volume:
Volume: base by height P * W * H: 2.4 * 0.4 * 15.9: 7.632
2 2
Apothem (A): 0.4
Pen Perimeter (P): 2.4
Height (H): 15.9
We used the prism method, but to find the perimeter we circled the pencil with the wire very tight and then divided this by 6 times which is the number of sides of the hexagon to get the measurement of the side of the pencil.
- How would you measure the diameter measuring tool of a sphere:
We would round the entire sphere with the wire, and then take a ruler in cm and measure the length of the wire that was used and it gives us an answer.
Activity with the Cardboard and With the Foot
- Surface of the figure in square cm:
- Area: two hundred and fourteen centimeter (214 cm) square.
- Foot area in square cm:
- Area: one hundred forty-seven centimeters (147 cm) square.
3. Consultation
3.1 Caliper or vernier:
The caliper is a precision instrument used to measure small lengths, measurements of internal and external diameter measuring tool and depths.
It consists of a base ruler graduated in millimeters and a ruler called a vernier or vernier that serves to increase the precision of the base ruler.
The vernier can slide on the base rule, it has m divisions, of different magnitude than the latter. The total length of the vernier is m – 1 divisions of the base rule, that is, the m division of the vernier coincides with the m – 1 division of the base rule.
If the length between each division of the vernier is x, and the length of the base rule is y, we have: mx: (m – 1) or x: y – y / m.
The division of length between the division of the base rule and that of the vernier is called precision and according to the previous expression it is equal to: y – x: y / m
3.2 Micrometer or Palmer screw:
The micrometer screw is used to measure lengths shorter than those measured with the caliper.
The micrometer screw consists of a fixed scale and a movable scale that moves by rotation. The distance the screw travels one full turn is called the thread pitch. The precision of the screw is given by:
P: Thread pitch
# of sliding scale divisions
If in a micrometric screw the fixed scale is graduated in half millimeters, that is, the pitch of the thread is that distance, and the mobile one has 50 divisions, the precision with which a length can be measured will be:
1
P = 2 = 1
50 100
The object to be wire measuring tool is placed between the ends of the screw and the last screw is rotated until it is trapped. The reading is done in half millimeters on the fixed scale and in hundredths on the mobile.
It is a mechanical device used to measure small lengths with some precision. Simple calipers have two pins that adapt to the surfaces whose separation we want to measure. The opening of the temples is compared with a ruler to obtain the measurement. There are more complex gauges, such as the palmer (similar to a wrench), which have a ruler that allows direct reading of the measurement of its opening. See Measurement process.
A palmer is a tool used to directly measure small lengths. Once the palmer is adjusted to the width of the object to be measured, the corresponding value is read from a scale located on the tool.
3.3 Spherometer:
Precision instrument for measuring the curvature of spherical surfaces. The spherometer is almost always used to determine the radii of spherical caps. The integer part is read from H and the division of F that is closest to H is taken so that: Reading: Integer part + (division of the limb) * A.
3.4 Dynamometer:
It is a device used to compare and measure pipe diameter tool forces. This measurement is carried out opposing the force that is measured by another equal and in the opposite direction.
The most basic type consists of a spring with an elongation capacity proportional to the force applied to it. By attaching a graduated scale, the magnitude of this force can be known.
3.5 Balance:
Precision balance: used to measure masses with a high degree of precision. It consists of a lever with equal arms (cross). It rests on a horizontal plate by means of a blade (acute dihedral). At the ends of the cross there are two other blades on which the terminals of the saucers rest.
From the center of the cross starts the cross section, which is a vertical needle that moves in front of a graduated arch. In the cross there is also a ruler with three dividers on each arm, intended to hold the reiter, which is a metallic thread bent in the shape of a v with a mass equal to one cm.
Hydrostatic balance: Used to determine volumes and densities. Normally one of the saucers is much shorter than the other, so that the test body can be hung from its lower part, which is immersed in water or another liquid of known density. By determining the weight loss the body experiences, its volume can be calculated.
- Torsion balance: It is used for the measurement of gravitational or electrostatic forces. It is made up of two metal spheres mounted at the ends of a very light horizontal bar, suspended from a fine vertical wire. A small mirror fixed to the wire reflects a light beam on a scale.
- 3.6 Thermometer: Device designed to measure the temperature of bodies. It is based on the variation experienced by some magnitudes of bodies (volume, density, electrical resistance, gas pressure), when their temperature varies. Any of these quantities can serve the temperature if its law of variation is known. The kinds of thermometer are: Liquid, electric, and gas.
3.7 Densimeter or aerometer: Instrument which is used to measure the density of air.
Stopwatch: It is an instrument to perform time measurements; it is a time clock which takes the duration of something, the tool to measure diameter of wireBest regards.
